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Practical ecological knowledge for the temperate reader. |
Inner Bark |
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| Abies Sp. | Acer glabrum |
| Acer macrophyllum | Alnus rubra |
| Amelanchier alnifolia | Betula Sp. |
| Bitters (Beer Making) | |
| Cytisus scoparius | Glechoma hederacea |
Buds |
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| Alnus rubra | Aruncus dioicus |
| Betula Sp. | Caltha biflora (flower buds) |
| Cytisus scoparius (flower buds) | Helianthus annuus (flower buds) |
| Heracleum maximum | |
Coffee Substitute |
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| Cichorium intybus | Cytisus scoparius |
| Helianthus tuberosus | Ilex aquifolium |
| Iris pseudacorus (After detoxification?) | Juniperus communis |
Cooking Tool |
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| Acer glabrum | Acer macrophyllum |
| Achillea millefolium | Alnus rubra |
| Arctium Sp. | Blechnum spicant |
| Epilobium angustifolium | Gaultheria shallon |
| Heracleum maximum | Juncus effusus (Juncus Sp.) |
Essential Oil (as flavoring) |
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| Achillea millefolium | |
Flowers |
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| Acer macrophyllum | Achillea millefolium |
| Alnus rubra (Catkins) | Aquilegia formosa |
| Betula Sp. (Catkins) | Cichorium intybus |
| Cirsium Sp. | Claytonia sibirica (Claytonia Sp.) |
| Claytonia perfoliata (Claytonia Sp.) | Crataegus monogyna (Crataegus Sp.) |
| Epilobium angustifolium | Eschscholzia californica |
| Geranium robertianum | Helianthus tuberosus |
| Heracleum maximum | |
Flowering Stalks |
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| Epilobium angustifolium | |
Gum |
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| Apocynum cannabinum | |
Leaf Tip |
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| Brasenia schreberi | |
Leaves |
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| Acer glabrum | Achillea millefolium |
| Adenocaulon bicolor | Anaphalis margaritacea |
| Aquilegia formosa | Arctium Sp. |
| Aruncus dioicus | Atriplex gmelinii (Atriplex Sp.) |
| Atriplex hortensis | Atriplex patula |
| Balsamorhiza Sp. | Bellis perennis |
| Betula Sp. | Brasenia schreberi |
| Caltha biflora | Cardamine Sp. |
| Cerastium fontanum (Cerastium Sp.) | Chimaphila umbellata (Chimaphila Sp.) |
| Cichorium intybus | Cirsium Sp. |
| Claytonia sibirica (Claytonia Sp.) | Claytonia perfoliata (Claytonia Sp.) |
| Crataegus monogyna (Crataegus Sp.) | Epilobium angustifolium |
| Erythronium grandiflorum | Eschscholzia californica |
| F. japonicum (Fallopia Sp.) | Geum aleppicum (Geum Sp.) |
| Glechoma hederacea | Helianthus annuus (leaf petioles) |
| Heracleum maximum | Heuchera micrantha (Heuchera Sp.) |
| Hippuris Sp. | Honkenya peploides |
| Hypochaeris Sp. | |
Oil |
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| Cirsium Sp. | Cornus stolonifera |
| Corylus cornuta | Galeopsis tetrahit |
| Helianthus annuus | |
Plant |
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| Balsamorhiza Sp. | Cerastium semidecandrum (Cerastium Sp.) |
| Equisetum arvense, E. hyemale (Equisetum Sp.) | Heracleum maximum |
Root |
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| Aquilegia formosa (Famine food) | Arctium Sp. |
| Asarum caudatum | Balsamorhiza deltoidea (Balsamorhiza Sp.) |
| Balsamorhiza Sp. | Bistorta bistortoides (Bistorta Sp.) |
| Bistorta vivipara (Bistorta Sp.) | Blechnum spicant |
| Boschniakia hookeri | Brasenia schreberi |
| Caltha biflora | Calypso bulbosa |
| Camassia Sp. | Cichorium intybus |
| Cirsium Sp. | Claytonia perfoliata (Claytonia Sp.) |
| Claytonia Sp. | Epilobium angustifolium |
| Equisetum arvense, E. fluviatile, E. hymale, E. pratense, E. telmateia (Equisetum Sp.) | Erythronium Sp. |
| F. japonicum, (Fallopia Sp.) | Helianthus tuberosus |
| Heracleum maximum (?) | H. radicata (Hypochaeris Sp.) |
| Iris pseudacorus (After detoxification) | |
Sap |
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| Acer Sp. | |
| Alnus rubra | |
| Betula Sp. | |
| Brasenia schreberi (mucilage) | |
Seeds |
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| Acer glabrum | Acer macrophyllum |
| Aesculus hippocastanum | Apocynum cannabinum |
| Arctium Sp. | Artemisia campestris (Artemisia Sp.) |
| Atriplex gmelinii (Atriplex Sp.) | Atriplex hortensis |
| Atriplex patula | Balsamorhiza Sp. |
| Cirsium Sp. | Cornus stolonifera |
| Corylus cornuta | Erythronium grandiflorum (seedpods) |
| Eschscholzia californica | F. convolvulus, F. japonicum, F. sachalinensis (Fallopia Sp.) |
| Helianthus annuus | Heracleum maximum |
| Honkenya peploides | |
Spice/flavouring |
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| Achillea millefolium (Hops Substitute) | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi |
| Asarum caudatum | Chimaphila umbellata (Chimaphila Sp.) |
| Heracleum maximum | Juniperus Sp. |
Stems |
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| Arctium Sp. | Aruncus dioicus |
| Atriplex hortensis | Balsamorhiza deltoidea (Balsamorhiza Sp.) |
| Balsamorhiza Sp. | Cerastium fontanum (Cerastium Sp.) |
| Cirsium Sp. | Claytonia perfoliata (Claytonia Sp.) |
| F. japonicum, F. sachalinensis (Fallopia Sp.) | Helianthus tuberosus |
| Heracleum maximum | |
Tea |
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| Acer macrophyllum | Achillea millefolium |
| Amelanchier alnifolia | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi |
| Asarum caudatum | Betula Sp. |
| Chimaphila umbellata (Chimaphila Sp.) | Clinopodium douglasii |
| Crataegus monogyna (Crataegus Sp.) | Empetrum nigrum |
| Epilobium angustifolium | Gaultheria shallon |
| Grindelia stricta | Hypericum perforatum |
| Ilex aquifolium | Juniperus Sp. |
Young Shoots |
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| Acer glabrum | Acer macrophyllum |
| Arctium Sp. | Aruncus dioicus |
| Atriplex gmelinii (Atriplex Sp.) | Atriplex patula |
| Blechnum spicant | Cichorium intybus |
| Crataegus monogyna (Crataegus Sp.) | Epilobium angustifolium |
| Equisetum Sp. | F. convolvulus, F. japonicum, F. sachalinensis (Fallopia Sp.) |
| Hippuris Sp. | Honkenya peploides |
| J. balticus, J. effusus (Juncus Sp.) | |